New Urbanism

This post originally appeared on Orphan Road.

File this one under “only in Vancouver.” Trevor Boddy has an interesting piece in the Canadian Globe and Mail critiquing New Urbanism from the left. It’s not an argument one hears often in the states:

We Vancouverites sell American planners and developers high density, high amenity urban development attuned to the needs of the new century. Then local developers like the Century Group go consultant shopping in Miami and end up buying the terminally pleasant nostalgia of New Urbanism. Go figure.

Actually, checking the figures helps puncture New Urbanism’s claims, especially the spiel that schemes like the one for the Southlands development present a radical increase in suburban residential densities. While this may be true by the standards of the sunbelt United States, Canadian cities have historically developed at higher densities, largely because we lack such sprawl-inducing public policies as the tax deductibility of mortgage interest and the federally funded interstate highway system.

New Urbanism is dangerous because it claims to cure the very sprawl and social class separation that it causes. There are worse ways to develop the suburbs, but none are so two-faced. The New Urbanism is city planning’s equivalent of the “compact SUV.”

In the States, of course, folks like me tend to view New Urbanism as a step in the right direction. But for Boddy it’s a mirage. One one level, he seems miffed that the developers of this particular Vancouver suburb flew in [gasp!] American consultants instead of relying on homegrown talent in Vancouver, but his larger point is that the local consultants would have presumably advocated “real” density.

For my money, New Urbanism is mostly a mirage when it’s divorced from holistic regional planning that takes into account land use, employment centers, and, of course transit. The devil’s in the details, as they say.

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No Question: Rainier Valley was the perfect place for Link

Matt the Engineer questions running light rail through the Rainier Valley because Matt thinks it’s slower to the airport than a bus and the train isn’t building communities by going through existing neighborhoods.

I think Matt is wrong about a couple of things. Sure, the line may be slower to the airport than the 194, but the 194 is much slower to the airport than Link will be from Beacon Hill, the Rainier Valley, and also Capitol Hill and the University District when U-Link gets built. That’s an important thing to think about, Central Link was not built to be the only line, and U-Link construction is ready to start.

I’m sure Martin, who lives in the Rainer Valley, can comment on the level of development taking place on MLK due to link, including bike trails people will actually use, some 1,500 homes by now (the line doesn’t open for a full year) and massive revitalization in general. The line would have gotten a fair ridership without that TOD, but the ridership with it will be massive. As the city shows, car ridership in the Valley is the lowest (pdf link) in the entire city.

I think it’s a great routing. Better than the industrial areas by a fair amount, better than Rainier Ave by a fair amount, and a lot cheaper than West Seattle. We will definitely need a route through West Seattle some day (ST3?!?), but, for now, I think they’ve made a great decision.

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Questioning ST Design Decisions

This post originally appeared on Orphan Road.

I didn’t live in Seattle when Sound Transit planned the route of the light rail, so stop me if this has already been debated to death. Also, I know it’s far too late to change anything. I’m just curious.

Can someone tell me why, exactly, Link takes it’s expensive and circuitus path? Considering it will take as long (or longer) as it currently does via bus to get from downtown to the airport, this would not seem like a great idea.

One would think a straight line would be the easiest, cheapest, and fastest route. This would take us through some industrial areas, which would seem to have inexpensive land. It would also drive by Boeing Field, which could be useful if it ever runs as a commercial airport. Plus it seems like there would have been little/no boring reqired.

Yes, the route drives through a few communities, but this seems like a reason to not put light rail there – you end up stopping at stoplights. Building communities around transit seems like a much better idea.

I imagine a strong difference between city-based transit, that tries to conform to neighborhoods, and regional transit, that should be built for speed. This is clearly regional transit, but seems to be designed as city transit.

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Pause for Light Rail

Lance Dickie, who I’m not very familiar with, has written a pretty convincing op-ed piece arguing for Sound Transit to wait until 2010 to go to the ballot. Here’s a choice quote:

Sound Transit first got traction in 1996, another presidential-election year. Turnout matters. After voters slapped down a package of roads and transit this past fall, there is a strong pull to try again, sans roads with a transit-friendly cohort.
The other view — one I tend to share — counsels a pause until 2010. By then, mobs with pitchforks and torches will be demanding more transit. Gas prices will resemble those in Europe, without Europe’s plentiful alternatives to a car. Taking the bus or riding Sounder commuter rail will move from being mocked as a personal virtue to unvarnished economic necessity.

Most important, the 16-mile line from downtown Seattle to Sea-Tac International Airport is scheduled to open in 2009. After years of talking about how great it is going to be, light rail finally will be a visible, tangible and popular reality.

Emphasis added. I agree that by 2010 the desire for transit will be more urgent, but isn’t that almost an argument to start early? We don’t want to fall another two years behind. As gas prices rise, construction prices will as well, so the sooner the better from the cost standpoint. I also think that we’re already seeing the realization from a lot of people that transit really is an alternative.

The next big suburban land rush will be aboard light rail. The cliché about driving till you qualify for a home loan will be updated. Homes in Arlington will sell to young families whose daily car commute is to a park-and-ride lot and transfer to the light-rail station in Everett.

Want a sure bet in public transit? The Seattle streetcar extension from South Lake Union to the University District. An absolute no-brainer. The future is at Westlake Avenue and Denny Way. An urban neighborhood is blossoming. The employment base is already an extension of the University of Washington, so a line north via Eastlake makes perfect sense. As Portland discovered, investment flourishes along streetcar rails planted in the ground.

I have been hearing homes out in the far-off exurbs are those that are falling in prices fastest, while those close to jobs centers are retaining value for the most part. This is, again, an argument in my mind to go forward now. We don’t have a lot of time to spare, and we’ll lose competitiveness as a region if we let transportation costs get out of control before we approve an expansion. Gas prices have risen tremendously in the last few year. Do we really want to wait for $6 a gallon gas to start building a transit expansion?

Really, I was surprised to read such a pro-transit article in the Times, which usually ranges from lukewarm support to outright hostility to transit. I think the argument is pretty well-reasoned that 2010 will be a sure thing, but I think 2008 will be as well, and I don’t see any advantage to waiting if we think it’ll pass this year.

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ST Ridership

This post originally appeared on Orphan Road.

I’ve gotten so numb to huge ridership gains for transit in the past few months that it didn’t quite sink in that Sound Transit’s increase of 15% in March is a really big deal, so thanks to Martin for pointing it out. He’s right to be amazed at how ST has managed to keep the costs-per-boarding almost flat while it adds new, relatively empty reverse-commute trains.

Here’s a chart from the report (.pdf) that caught my eye:

Picture 1.png

It’s interesting that many of the biggest gains were on routes that don’t begin or end in Seattle: Lynwood-Bellevue, Issaquah-Northgate, Lakewood-SeaTac, etc. This says to me that some very car-centric communities have caught the transit bug, which is great.

Of course, many of the really, really popular routes, in absolute numbers, are the ones that go between Seattle, Lynwood, Bellevue and Redmond. You know, the kind of high-capacity, high-demand corridors that would be most economically served by, say, a choo-choo train.

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Our Slow Construction Will Save Thousands.

For the last few days, we’ve all been reading about the earthquake in China – tens of thousands dead, many more homeless, whole towns destroyed.

There’s speculation that this quake could have been caused by the massive shift in weight caused by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the addition of millions of tons of water (175 meters, eventually) to an area near the Jiuwanxi and Zigui–Badong fault lines. It is, so far, unclear which fault line caused this quake, and it may not be either of these.

Regardless, though, of what caused the quake, one line about a collapsed school in a horribly depressing (take that as a warning) New York Times article today caught my attention:

One man said officials built two additional stories on the Xinjian school even though it had failed a safety inspection two years ago — allegations that could not be verified.

There are two problems here. One is the obvious – two additional stories on a structure that failed a safety inspection? The other problem is far more insidious – you can’t even check. The result? Hundreds of kids crushed to death.

Every time I tell someone that Link Light Rail will get to Husky Stadium around 2016, I know to expect the immediate response – a complaint that it takes too long. I have a new answer:

In eight years, I’ll probably have a child of my own. Some of my good friends here have kids already who could be going to school on Link. And inevitably, we will wake up to an earthquake one morning – maybe a 7, maybe an 8, but it could devastate our city. As emergency crews are cut off by collapsed fifty year old bridges, and I am running down the street to pull people out of a hundred year old apartment building, the one thing I do not want to worry about is kids on their way to Roosevelt or Franklin on our brand new light rail system.

I don’t feel a need to “speed up” the processes through which we build infrastructure. Public meetings, design reviews, these are all time in which people with knowledge can speak up. The real answer is the same answer to a lot of our problems: We must learn to plan ahead.

Update: I want to add something to this. I know that much of the time taken between, say, now and when U Link opens has to do with the way money is collected. I am not writing about that – I’m writing about the public comment periods, the design reviews, everything that makes more people aware of what’s being built and able to say something. Don’t you suppose that if we were building a Three Gorges Dam here, a group of USGS seismologists might have had something to say? I’m saying that while I’d rather not see East Link delayed or cost more because people in Beaux Arts are NIMBYs, I’m happy to let them complain to the Sound Transit board when it means that someone with a real issue can bring that forward as well.

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Sound Transit survey

Sound Transit is asking your opinion again. 0.4%, 0.5%, 12- and 20-year plans are all on the table. So are both 2008 and 2010 ballot measures.

I’m really skeptical of the actual value of these kinds of self-nominating survey responses, but I figured I’d suggest what I’d heard at the meetup, which is that the 0.4% measure go to the ballot, with an additional 0.1% measure. That maximizes our chance of getting something passed.

Of course, what’d happen is that the 0.4 would fail and the 0.1 pass, leading to more confusion.

More than anything, I just want them to propose whatever their polling tells them has the highest chance of passing. The details aren’t important, because I know that the highest priority segments are the ones that are going to be built, regardless.

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ST Ridership up 15%

UPDATE: Correction Below.

Sound Transit’s Quarterly Ridership Report is up, and it’s good news. It’s brief, so go have a look. Weekday boardings are up 15% from the same time last year, which is pretty impressive given the relatively small amount of service added in that time. Some interesting nuggets:

  • South Sounder ridership is up 30%, largely because of added trips. I think this shows that ridership is a little less elastic with respect to parking at the station than some would assume. In other words, creative solutions (like satellite parking) are able to continue building ridership after the nearby lots are saturated. That isn’t to say that parking shortages aren’t a problem.
  • Sounder cost-per-boarding is down slightly to $10.79, while the express bus cost is up slightly to $6.73. Without seeing the station breakdown, that puts farebox recovery for Sounder at around 40%, about the same as ST Express and pretty good for a transit system. That includes essentially empty reverse-commute trains. As economies of scale build up on Sounder and gas prices increase, I expect the comparative numbers to improve further.
  • Tacoma Link ridership is only up 1%. It may simply not have the scope to serve many people, especially since the 594 most Express buses takes a needless detour into downtown on its way South.

Picture Credit: Seattle Times, August 14, 2007.

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